Formalism: Formalism, innovative 20th-century Russian college of literary criticism. It began in two groups: OPOYAZ, an acronym for Russian words meaning Society for the Study of Poetic Language, founded in 1916 at St. Petersburg (later Leningrad) and led by Viktor Shklovsky; and the Moscow Linguistic Circle,

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New Criticism. A literary movement that started in the late 1920s and 1930s and originated in reaction to traditional criticism that new critics saw as largely concerned with matters extraneous to the text, e.g., with the biography or psychology of the author or the work’s relationship to literary history.

Kate Beckinsale was born on 26 July 1973 in England, and has resided in London for most of her life. Her mother is Judy Loe, who has appeared in a

Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus’, the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union.

Grove Atlantic is an American independent literary publisher based in NYC. Our imprints: Grove Press, Atlantic Monthly Press, Black Cat, and Mysterious Press.

Literary realism is part of the realist art movement beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature (), and Russian literature (Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

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